The conditions of the Treaty of Hudaibiyah marked a significant achievement for the Muslims seeking to perform pilgrimage peacefully. After the Meccan Pagans agreed to peacefully resolve the situation, the following points were carefully negotiated:
1. The Muslims agreed to return to Madinah without performing the pilgrimage to the Kaaba that year. Instead, they would be allowed to visit Makkah the following year and stay peacefully for three days.
2. A 10-year ceasefire was established between the parties, ensuring safety and harmony during this period.
3. The treaty allowed for tribes to freely enter into agreements with either the Prophet or the Quraish, without restriction.
4. It was agreed that any person from Makkah entering Madinah would be returned to the Quraish, but the people of Madinah entering Makkah would not be subject to the same requirement.
1. The hostile Quraish tribe acknowledged Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the leader of the state of Madinah due to the Treaty.
2. The cessation of hostilities between Muslims and polytheists allowed some individuals to view Islam differently and embrace the faith.
3. The Treaty enabled Muslims to form alliances with other tribes.
4. The 10-year ceasefire provided Muslims with the opportunity to propagate Islam and manage relations with adversaries across the peninsula.
Violation of the Treaty
The pilgrimage to the holy Kaaba holds profound significance for Muslims, making the Treaty a crucial event in their lives. It facilitated peaceful pilgrimage and spiritual connection with Allah, ending longstanding struggles for Muslims to visit the sacred city of Mecca. However, just two years after its signing in 628, a critical clause of the Treaty was violated. Conflict erupted between the Banu Khuza’a, allies of the Muslims, and the Banu Bakr, allies of the Quraish, resulting in casualties among the former. This breach prompted the Quraish to seek reconciliation with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) through Abu Sufyan, but forgiveness was not granted.
