What is Tawaf?
Tawaf is a revered act of worship performed during Hajj and Umrah, the major and minor pilgrimages to the sacred city of Makkah. The term “Tawaf” comes from the Arabic verb “Taafa,” meaning “to circle around something.” The ritual involves walking around the Kaabah, the holy structure at the center of Masjid al-Haram, seven times in a counter-clockwise direction. Each round is referred to as a “Shawt,” and together, seven Shawts complete one Tawaf. This act symbolizes unity, humility, and submission to Allah, as Muslims worldwide perform it with the intention of seeking closeness to Allah and fulfilling a key pillar of Hajj and Umrah.
Types of Tawaf
1. Tawaful Qudum
Also known as the “Tawaf of Arrival,” this Tawaf is obligatory for pilgrims entering Masjid al-Haram with the intention of performing Hajj al-Ifrad or Hajj al-Qiran.
2. Tawaful Wada
This farewell Tawaf is performed at the end of Hajj, marking the conclusion of the pilgrimage.
3. Tawafuz Ziyarah (Tawaf al-Ifadah)
Performed during Hajj, this Tawaf is essential for completing the pilgrimage.
4. Tawaful Nadhr
This Tawaf is made to fulfill a vow to Allah, which must be performed once the vow is made.
5. Tawaful Umrah
A fundamental part of the Umrah pilgrimage, this Tawaf is mandatory.
6. Tawaful Tahiyya
A non-obligatory Tawaf, recommended as a respectful greeting when entering Masjid al-Haram.
Purpose of Tawaf
Tawaf is not just a physical movement but a profound spiritual act connecting the pilgrim to the divine. As Muslims perform Tawaf, they symbolically orbit around the Kaabah, reflecting the natural order of the universe, where celestial bodies and electrons revolve. This cosmic movement signifies Allah’s unity and power. Tawaf offers Muslims the opportunity to renew their faith, seek forgiveness, and draw nearer to Allah. Each circuit around the Kaabah is a reminder of humility, submission, and the pursuit of spiritual purity.
Rules for Performing Tawaf
1. Be in a State of Wudu (Purity)
Purity is essential before performing Tawaf, just as ablution is required before prayer. Entering a state of ritual cleanliness is necessary for this sacred act.
2. Make Niyyah (Intention)
Pilgrims must make the intention to perform Tawaf solely for Allah’s pleasure, with sincerity and humility.
3. Start at Hajar al-Aswad
Begin each circuit by facing the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad). While it is Sunnah to touch or kiss it, pilgrims may simply gesture toward it if reaching it is difficult due to the crowd.
4. Complete Seven Circuits
Tawaf consists of seven rounds around the Kaabah, moving counter-clockwise. Pilgrims should remain focused on dhikr (remembrance of Allah) throughout.
5. Respectful Conduct
Avoid engaging in unnecessary conversations during Tawaf. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) advised that conversations should remain respectful and meaningful.
Starting Tawaf
When entering Masjid al-Haram, pilgrims head to the Mataf area around the Kaabah. The starting point of Tawaf is marked by a green light on the wall facing the Kaabah. Pilgrims begin at the Black Stone on their right and proceed counter-clockwise, returning to the same point after each Shawt. The green light provides visual guidance, helping maintain uniformity during Tawaf.
Significance of Seven Circuits
The number seven holds deep spiritual significance in Islam, symbolizing divine order and balance. Just as there are five daily prayers and thirty days of fasting, Tawaf consists of seven circuits, each representing a prescribed act of worship. Each round allows pilgrims to renew their faith, seek Allah’s mercy, and reflect on His wisdom and commands.
Tawaf Without Ihram
While Tawaf during Hajj and Umrah generally requires the state of Ihram (a sacred state marked by specific clothing and restrictions), certain types of Tawaf, such as Tawaful Tahiyya, do not require Ihram. However, performing Tawaf in a state of Wudu remains a must, emphasizing the purity and respect required for this sacred act.
Reflecting on the Importance of Tawaf
Tawaf serves as a powerful reminder of Muslim unity. Pilgrims performing Tawaf move in synchronization, each engaged in prayer and remembrance. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) likened Tawaf to Salah, underscoring its spiritual significance while allowing for respectful conversations when necessary.
Conclusion
Tawaf is much more than a ritual; it’s a symbol of devotion, unity, and submission to Allah. It allows Muslims to experience humility, leaving worldly concerns behind and focusing solely on their Creator. Whether part of Hajj, Umrah, or simply an act of worship, Tawaf remains a powerful means of renewing one’s faith and drawing closer to Allah. For pilgrims, Tawaf is a journey around the Kaabah, but spiritually, it is a journey toward self-purification, connection, and peace.
